Nebulosity
Nebulosity (Windows and OS X) is designed to be a powerful, but simple to use capture and processing application for a wide range of astronomy CCD cameras. Many cameras are supported for capture (see below) and images from just about anything can be processed (support for many FITS formats, PNG, TIFF, JPEG, CR2/CRW, etc). Its goal is to suit people ranging from the novice imager who wants to create his or her first images to the advanced imager who wants a convenient, flexible capture application for use in the field. In it, you get a host of purpose-built powerful tools to make the most out of your images (e.g., Digital Development Processing, traditional alignment/stacking (equatorial and alt-az), Drizzle alignment/stacking, Bad Pixel Mapping, LRGB tools, real-time tricolor histograms for color balancing, star tightening via edge detection, adaptive scaling of stacks, Canon CR2/CRW RAW Bayer matrix loading, 32/96-bit accuracy, etc.)
http://www.stark-labs.com/nebulosity.html - Details

PHD Guiding
PHD Guiding is designed to be "Push Here Dummy" simple, yet provide powerful, intelligent auto-guiding of your telescope for both PCs and Macs. Connect your mount, your camera, select a star, and start guiding. That's it! In PHD Guiding, all calibration is taken care of automatically. You do not need to tell it anything about the orientation of your camera, nor do you need to tell it anything about the image scale.
http://www.stark-labs.com/phdguiding.html - Details

FocusMax
Auto focus your CCD based telescope quickly and precisely FocusMax software uses a new auto focus algorithm that we developed specifically for amateur astronomers. .
http://users.bsdwebsolutions.com/~larryweber/ - Details

Happix
An image processing software better suited for the post-treatment phase. Takes into account two image formats: Fit (16 bits) and BMP b/w (8 bits) and colour (24 bits).
http://astrosurf.com/happix/ - Details

DSLR Timer
DSLR Timer is a Freeware DSLR Interval Timer using the parallel port or serial port of your notepad or PC. It can control series of long exposures of digital cameras as it is needed for astrophotography. For astrophotos it is usual to have series of exposures with 2 to 5 minutes exposure time. DSLR Timer is the convenient tool to control this for you. I use it with Pentax *ist DS and Canon EOS 20D. It should work also with other cameras.
http://home.arcor.de/th.bach/Software/Software2En.htm - Details

K3CCDTools
Software for capturing and processing astronomy pictures.
http://www.pk3.org/Astro/ - Details

MaxIm DL
Maxim DL: The Gold Standard. MaxIm DL is the fastest and easiest way to image the night sky. Whether you want to produce stunning portraits, collect science data, or hunt for new objects, MaxIm DL has the tools you need.
http://www.cyanogen.com/ - Details

Astromix
Astromix is a new application to process captured CCD images, AVI files and make the handling of your CCD operations a breeze.
http://www.astromix.com/ - Details

AviRaw
AviRaw allows opening of an AVI and preview as ordinary RGB (decoded via codec as usual) preview as RAW luminosity (Y channel only) from ordinary or RAW captures preview as RAW colour, debayerized from Y channel (works only for RAW captures) save as new AVI using the selected mode (starting V2.3 this works also for Win9x) save as new BMPs (1 per frame) using the selected mode properly handle dropped frames for preview and save (dropped frames are not checked)
http://arnholm.org/astro/software/aviraw/ - Details

FITSBrowser
This program browses files in FITS-Format for quick view.
http://www.andrewulff.de/ - Details

RotAndStack
Meant to take several images and merge them. This process is used mainly on dark images to remove the noise level.
http://www.gdargaud.net/Hack/RotAndStack.html - Details

Deep Sky Stacker
DeepSkyStacker is a freeware for astrophotographers that simplifies all the pre-processing steps of deep sky pictures.
http://deepskystacker.free.fr/english/index.html - Details

PinPoint Astrometric Engine 5.0
Welcome to the web site for the PinPoint Astrometric Engine, a programmable engine that provides sensitive, robust, high-speed research-grade astrometric image processing for FITS files from any camera. A set of point-and-click tools (Visual PinPoint) for fast mass plate solving and survey-level asteroid and supernova hunting are included.
http://pinpoint.dc3.com/ - Details

Desire
A simple image acquisition program which also supports auto-guiding and self-guiding.
http://www.pmdo.com/wdesire.htm - Details

SigmaReject Plug-in for MaxImDL
This plug-in for MaxImDL 3.07 or later provides a different method for combining multiple images.
http://www.rc-astro.com/resources/sigma_reject.html - Details

WcRmac
Presented as an 'Easy' way to get RAW mod images out of Philips Webcams.
http://www.astrosurf.com/astrobond/ebrawe.htm - Details

Selene
Webcams video (AVI) and still images (BMP) capture program with a rather complete set of features: timer, sound warnings, clear indication of capture times, zoom until 3x to improve focusing, quick access to all camera configuration options, reticule over the preview image etc…
http://www.astrosurf.com/astronosur/software2.htm - Details

FITS Liberator
or many years astronomical images from the world’s telescopes were reserved for an elite of astronomers and technical people. Now anyone with a desktop computer running Adobe® Photoshop® software can try their hand at crafting astronomical images as beautiful as those from the Hubble Space Telescope.
http://www.spacetelescope.org/projects/fits_liberator/index.html - Details

RC-Astro Processing Console
This is a program that provides some new image processing functions to MaxIm.
http://www.rc-astro.com/resources/rc_console.html - Details

CCDSoft
CCDSoft™ Image Processing and Camera Control Software
http://www.bisque.com/Products/CCDSoft/ - Details

SBIG Camera Control/Image Processing Software (Windows)
SBIG offers several software packages supporting its various cameras on the PC, Macintosh and Windows platforms.
http://www.sbig.com/sbwhtmls/softpage.htm - Details