Nebulosity
Nebulosity (Windows and OS X) is designed to be a powerful, but simple to use capture and processing application for a wide range of astronomy CCD cameras. Many cameras are supported for capture (see below) and images from just about anything can be processed (support for many FITS formats, PNG, TIFF, JPEG, CR2/CRW, etc). Its goal is to suit people ranging from the novice imager who wants to create his or her first images to the advanced imager who wants a convenient, flexible capture application for use in the field. In it, you get a host of purpose-built powerful tools to make the most out of your images (e.g., Digital Development Processing, traditional alignment/stacking (equatorial and alt-az), Drizzle alignment/stacking, Bad Pixel Mapping, LRGB tools, real-time tricolor histograms for color balancing, star tightening via edge detection, adaptive scaling of stacks, Canon CR2/CRW RAW Bayer matrix loading, 32/96-bit accuracy, etc.)
http://www.stark-labs.com/nebulosity.html - Details

CADET
CADET is basically a program for calibration and deconvolution of astronomical images in FITS, BMP and JPEG formats. See a
http://www.terra.es/personal2/oscarcj/introeng.htm - Details

ImagesPlus
Advanced image processing software, whose features include: image modeling; restoration; colour processing; calibration; local neighborhood functions (smoothing and noise reduction, filters etc...); point functions (histograms etc...); geometric transforms (flipping, rotating etc...); image display utilities; image editing and file operations;
http://mlunsold.com/ - Details

Astroart 4.0
A complete software for image processing, photometry, astrometry, CCD control and image stacking for CCD and film images.
http://www.msb-astroart.com/ - Details

Selene
Webcams video (AVI) and still images (BMP) capture program with a rather complete set of features: timer, sound warnings, clear indication of capture times, zoom until 3x to improve focusing, quick access to all camera configuration options, reticule over the preview image etc…
http://www.astrosurf.com/astronosur/software2.htm - Details

CCD Commander
Imagine setting up for a night of imaging, falling asleep, and then waking in the morning with images of multiple targets - each autoguided and autofocused. Your mount is parked and you have darks and flats for all your images. With a quick glance you confirm that all your images were guided successfully and your camera temperature was stable throughout the night. All of this is a reality with CCD Commander.
http://ccdcommander.com/ - Details

Teleauto
Software able to perform the following tasks: automatical observation;
http://www.teleauto.org/ - Details

REGISTAX
Free Image Processing Software The interface has been rebuild once more. We have removed the tabs on the rightside of the windows and extended the a controlbar with tabs (see Interface). Also the messagewindows now come in a different format and they can sometimes be used to set certain defaults. Batch-mode Operation RegiStax now can be operated also in a batchmode on AVI-files using a (currently limited) set of operators that allow you to align/optimize/stack and save the result. The command-list allows you to set: -filename to be processed -default directory -alignmentpoint X,Y (for single alignment) -alignmentpointfile (for multiple alignment) -first/last frame to process (block processing) -number of frames to be stacked -create reference (number of frames) -waveletsettings (filename) -autosave results (format) -autoexit after processing Added Input formats: Two sequential (multiple frames in a single file ) formats have been added both aiming at the output of Lumenera stylecamera’s: -16 bit (per channel) AVI format based on K3CCDtools format (Peter Katreniak) -16 bit (per channel) SER format based on LucamRecorder (Heiko Wilkens) Alignmentpage - 3 alignmentmethods (single, multi-point and none) - view full image (during alignment and during positioning of alignmentpoints) - user defined alignmentbox (draw an alignmentbox -single alignment around a feature) - option to “ignore” warnings (and frames) that are misaligned - allows you to define which messages (during alignment/optimisation) to show - predefined fits/tif image-stretching (usefull when datasets for instance do not span the full 16bits of a file makeing the preview look very dark) - automated detection of actual used “bitdepth” of imageformats (only for >8bits) to the nearest 2^n level
http://www.astronomie.be/registax/ - Details

QCFocus
Program geared towards the focusing of webcams. It can also acquire pictures in BMP or AVI formats. The visualization window can be enlarged to full screen. Check the documentation for further details.
http://astrosurf.org/astropc/qcam/programme.html - Details

K3CCDTools
Software for capturing and processing astronomy pictures.
http://www.pk3.org/Astro/ - Details

Imagen - CCDC
Imagen is image acquisition software for old Starlight Xpress CCD cameras.
http://www.astroshed.com/imagen/imagen.htm - Details

CCD Commander
CCD Commander will control your CCD camera exposures, your mount movement, and your focuser to completely automate your night's imaging. CCD Commander allows unlimited combinations of these different actions to give you full control of your telescope and camera.
http://www.astromatt.com/Software/CCDCommander.html - Details

BifsConv
This software is a to-FITS (fit) image converter; it accepts images in various formats. Some variants and flavours aren't translated, due to some undocumented things. No more problems viewing/working, with its favourite astronomical image processor, satellite images in Titus format, PDS (except the images by Clementine and a few by Mars Global Surveyor), VICAR, TIFF, SBIG's and StarLight's ones, etc. FITS files can be Rice or IHW compressed.
http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_bif.html - Details

WcRmac
Presented as an 'Easy' way to get RAW mod images out of Philips Webcams.
http://www.astrosurf.com/astrobond/ebrawe.htm - Details

DSRL Focus
If you have a Canon D60, Canon 10D, 1D,1DS or EOS300D Rebel and have been doing any astro work, then you will already know how tough it is to get precise focus. Your job just got a whole lot easier.
http://www.dslrfocus.com/ - Details

FocusMax
Auto focus your CCD based telescope quickly and precisely FocusMax software uses a new auto focus algorithm that we developed specifically for amateur astronomers. .
http://users.bsdwebsolutions.com/~larryweber/ - Details

ImageTool
UTHSCSA ImageTool (IT) is a free image processing and analysis program for Microsoft Windows 9x, Windows ME or Windows NT. IT can acquire, display, edit, analyze, process, compress, save and print gray scale and color images.IT can read and write over 22 common file formats including BMP, PCX, TIF, GIF and JPEG. Image analysis functions include dimensional (distance, angle, perimeter, area) and gray scale measurements
http://ddsdx.uthscsa.edu/dig/itdesc.html - Details

Fitswork
A program for the treatment of pictures, namely for astrophotographical purposes. Includes batch-processing, histogram function, different filters, uvm etc…
http://people.freenet.de/JDierks/index.htm - Details

SAOImage DS9 (Windows)
SAOImage DS9 is an astronomical imaging and data visualization application.
http://hea-www.harvard.edu/saord/ds9/ - Details

VirtualDub
A video capture/processing utility streamlined for fast linear operations over video. It has batch-processing capabilities for processing large numbers of files and can be extended with third-party video filters. VirtualDub is mainly geared toward processing AVI files, although it can read (not write) MPEG-1 and also handle sets of BMP images.
http://www.virtualdub.org/ - Details

MicroObservatory
• Optimize an image's brightness/contrast automatically, by either linear or logarithmic scaling. • Colorize images using several false color tables. • Invert an image's color table. • Increase image contrast and detail using "sharpen" filter. • Reduce the noise in an image. • Manipulate full screen magnification. • Show image information for individual pixels by cursor placement.
http://mo-www.harvard.edu/MicroObservatoryImage/ - Details