Nebulosity
Nebulosity (Windows and OS X) is designed to be a powerful, but simple to use capture and processing application for a wide range of astronomy CCD cameras. Many cameras are supported for capture (see below) and images from just about anything can be processed (support for many FITS formats, PNG, TIFF, JPEG, CR2/CRW, etc). Its goal is to suit people ranging from the novice imager who wants to create his or her first images to the advanced imager who wants a convenient, flexible capture application for use in the field. In it, you get a host of purpose-built powerful tools to make the most out of your images (e.g., Digital Development Processing, traditional alignment/stacking (equatorial and alt-az), Drizzle alignment/stacking, Bad Pixel Mapping, LRGB tools, real-time tricolor histograms for color balancing, star tightening via edge detection, adaptive scaling of stacks, Canon CR2/CRW RAW Bayer matrix loading, 32/96-bit accuracy, etc.)
http://www.stark-labs.com/nebulosity.html - Details

FocusMax
Auto focus your CCD based telescope quickly and precisely FocusMax software uses a new auto focus algorithm that we developed specifically for amateur astronomers. .
http://users.bsdwebsolutions.com/~larryweber/ - Details

Vision Pro
A dedicated software for image processing and control of DTA CCD cameras. Has a complete geometrical run: there are commands like duplicate, resize, rotate, dilate/contract, rescale, flip and many others; it is also available an image editor which allows to modify the single pixel.
http://www.dta.it/ - Details

AstroStack
AstroStack is a program that takes a series of images or a stream of video and combines them into one sharp noisefree picture. See examples. AstroStack is built on a flexible professional architecture with plugins. Works with all major operating systems (Windows, Linux and Macintosh OSX)!
http://www.astrostack.com/ - Details

VirtualDub
A video capture/processing utility streamlined for fast linear operations over video. It has batch-processing capabilities for processing large numbers of files and can be extended with third-party video filters. VirtualDub is mainly geared toward processing AVI files, although it can read (not write) MPEG-1 and also handle sets of BMP images.
http://www.virtualdub.org/ - Details

Neat Image
Neat Image is a filter designed to reduce visible noise and grain in photographic images produced by digital cameras and scanners. Neat Image is indispensable in low-light (indoors, night, astro) and high-speed (sport, action) photography. It is a tool for both professional photographers and digital image processing enthusiasts.
http://www.neatimage.com/ - Details

Teleauto
Software able to perform the following tasks: automatical observation;
http://www.teleauto.org/ - Details

GIOTTO
An image processing program that is particularly suitable and optimized for the treatment of mass pictures of video and multimedia streams.
http://www.videoastronomy.org/ - Details

Astro-Snap
Astro-Snap allows you to take astronomical pictures at low cost with a WEBCAM Simple image acquisition or real time frame integration (standard or loop frame integration). - Real time planetary video processing (at capture time) - Long exposure acquisition with the following cameras (modified following Steve Chambers' design) : Philips Vesta-SC, Toucam-SC, Quickcam Pro3000-SC. - Image resolution up to 800x600 - Focusing aid based on a star's apparent size (FWHM), along with sound indicator for remote tuning - Focusing aid on complex objects,along with a sound indicator for remote tuning - Image stabilization and automatic tracking of the object in the camera's field of view. - Automatic Dark or Flat-Field processing - Can let you make pseudo long exposures without tracking needed. - Automatic image selection based on each frame's quality (planetary imaging). - Manual or automatic saving of bitmaps. - Very fast and precise Polar aligning aid using two popular drift align methods : Bigourdan and King.
http://www.astrosnap.com/ - Details

FITS Liberator
or many years astronomical images from the world’s telescopes were reserved for an elite of astronomers and technical people. Now anyone with a desktop computer running Adobe® Photoshop® software can try their hand at crafting astronomical images as beautiful as those from the Hubble Space Telescope.
http://www.spacetelescope.org/projects/fits_liberator/index.html - Details

ImageJ
Data Types: 8-bit grayscale or indexed color, 16-bit unsigned integer, 32-bit floating-point and 32-bit RGB color.
http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/ - Details

PHD Guiding
PHD Guiding is designed to be "Push Here Dummy" simple, yet provide powerful, intelligent auto-guiding of your telescope for both PCs and Macs. Connect your mount, your camera, select a star, and start guiding. That's it! In PHD Guiding, all calibration is taken care of automatically. You do not need to tell it anything about the orientation of your camera, nor do you need to tell it anything about the image scale.
http://www.stark-labs.com/phdguiding.html - Details

Imagen - CCDC
Imagen is image acquisition software for old Starlight Xpress CCD cameras.
http://www.astroshed.com/imagen/imagen.htm - Details

DSRL Focus
If you have a Canon D60, Canon 10D, 1D,1DS or EOS300D Rebel and have been doing any astro work, then you will already know how tough it is to get precise focus. Your job just got a whole lot easier.
http://www.dslrfocus.com/ - Details

Astroimagine Calculator
Little application to calculate the F/D (Focal Length/Aperture) ratio and resolving power of your telescope as well as the field of view and size per pixel covered by your CCD camera. It is also capable of calculating the effective focal ratio - useful for planetary astrophotography purposes.
http://astrosurf.com/astroimagine - Details

Avis
Avis (Astro-vis) is a freeware FITS viewer for Windows 95, 98, 2000 and XP FITS files are used in scientific applications like astronomy and medical imaging. * Opens FITS files: (8 & 16 bit), supports multiple file opening and drag & drop from Explorer and other Windows shells. * Imports CCD files: like SBIG ST8, ST7, ST6, ST5, ST4, Starlight, Hisis, Pixcell and others. Imports graytones TIFF and TGA files. * Saves FITS and allows modifications of the FITS Header. * Exports files: as TXT format, RAW, TIF, TGA, BMP and JPEG. * On-line help: full documentation about Avis and about FITS file format.
http://www.sira.it/msb/avis.htm - Details

CCD Commander
Imagine setting up for a night of imaging, falling asleep, and then waking in the morning with images of multiple targets - each autoguided and autofocused. Your mount is parked and you have darks and flats for all your images. With a quick glance you confirm that all your images were guided successfully and your camera temperature was stable throughout the night. All of this is a reality with CCD Commander.
http://ccdcommander.com/ - Details

FITSview
The FITSview family consists of viewers for astronomical images in FITS format. Viewers are available for MS-Windows, Macintosh and Unix systems and offer a wide variety of image display features . The FITSview programs are distributed free of charge by the (USA) National Radio Astronomy Observatory. These programs are Y2K compliant.
http://www.nrao.edu/software/fitsview/fitsview.html - Details

Desire
A simple image acquisition program which also supports auto-guiding and self-guiding.
http://www.pmdo.com/wdesire.htm - Details

Dead Pixel Test
This free utility enables you to easily test your digital camera for dead and hot pixels.
http://www.starzen.com/imaging/deadpixeltest.htm - Details

GuideDog
Standalone Autoguiding for Webcams Dedicated, standalone, easy-to-use autoguider software Supports the SC-1 long-exposure webcam to allow guiding on faint stars Uses ASCOM for scope control to support many different telescopes/mounts Support for parallel port based relay boxes to connect to the CCD Guide Port of most mounts Sub-pixel guiding on a star centroid Audible alarm if lock on the guide star is lost
http://www.barkosoftware.com/GuideDog/ - Details